Structured Reinforcement Systems
A token economy is a system where generalized conditioned reinforcers (tokens, stickers, points) are earned for specific behaviors and exchanged for backup reinforcers (toys, breaks).
The Three Components
1. Target behaviors (what to do to earn). 2. Tokens (what you get). 3. Backup Reinforcers (what you buy). You must have all three for it to work. Clarity is essential.
Exchange Rate
The client must know how many tokens they need. "Five stars equals iPad time." Start with a low requirement ("FR1") to build buy-in, then thin the schedule. consistency drives success.
Response Cost
Sometimes, tokens are removed for problem behavior (Response Cost). Use this carefully. If a client goes into "debt," they may give up. Keep the focus on earning.