Linking Steps Together
For complex tasks like washing hands or tying shoes, we use chaining. We break the task into small steps (Task Analysis) and teach them in specific orders.
Forward Chaining
The client performs the first step independently, and you prompt the rest. Once step 1 is mastered, they do step 1 and 2. This is logical for sequences like counting or saying the alphabet. It builds momentum.
Backward Chaining
You prompt all steps except the last one. The client performs the final step and gets the reinforcer. Then they do the last two steps. The client always contacts the "reward" immediately. This is great for learners with low frustration tolerance.
Total Task Chaining
The client attempts every step, and you provide prompts only when needed for specific steps. This is best for clients who already know some of the steps. It encourages independence.